The fluoroscopy is a technique of diagnostic imaging which uses X-rays to observe the inside of the human body in real time. It is a type of X-ray that shows the internal structures of the organism in motion.. Unlike conventional X-rays, which generate static medical images, fluoroscopy creates dynamic images to analyze the functioning of different organs, tissues and other internal structures.

During a fluoroscopy, the fluoroscopea medical equipment that allows visualization of the patient's organs in motion. The dynamic images that are generated are projected on a monitor in video format so that medical professionals can diagnose and evaluate various medical conditions. This procedure is used to observe the structures and organs in operation. From seeing how the heart beats and how the lungs are inflamed to examining how food moves through the intestine. Therefore, it is very useful in studies of anatomy and physiology, as well as a support technique in certain interventions.

In the following article, we analyze fluoroscopy as a medical technique. From how a fluoroscopy examination is performed, the use of the fluoroscope and its different types to its main medical applications.

Fluoroscopy

Fluoroscopy is a technique that allows you to see the inside of the body in motion and in real time. It combines X-ray technology, image detectors and digital processing to show what is happening inside the body. To do this, it is necessary to use specific medical equipment: the fluoroscope, also known as a C-arm.

Using continuous or pulsed X-rays, this device generates a set of dynamic images of the different organs, bones, tissues and joints in order to evaluate how certain structures of the body behave during a specific action. The different functions and parts of an arc in C allow radiological and fluoroscopic images to be taken.

Mainly, this medical equipment is used in a fluoroscopy examination for analyze the functioning of the organism when swallowing or breathing, as well as inspecting how a contrast liquid flows through the digestive or circulatory system. In turn, the fluoroscope is also used as a support technique in certain interventionssuch as stenting of blood vessels or cardiac catheterization.

How is a fluoroscopy procedure performed?

Although the visual result of fluoroscopy is a moving image, there is a certain process behind this technology. Understanding how it works is essential to evaluate its usefulness in medical diagnostics. Below, we explain step by step how a fluoroscopic examination is performed:

Patient preparation

In most cases, a very complex preparation is not necessary. Depending on the type of study, the patient will have to follow specific indications, such as fasting or temporarily suspending certain medications. Upon arrival at the medical center, the patient should taking off clothes, putting on a gown and removing metal objects such as necklaces, watches or belts, as they may interfere with the images.

Fluoroscopy examination

During the procedure, patient is positioned on a stretcher or standing in front of the fluoroscopethe team in charge of generating the dynamic images by means of the X-rays. The exploration consists of the following steps:

Administration of contrast medium

In many studies, a contrast medium is used to enhance the visibility of certain areas of the body. This contrast helps to highlight structures of interestallowing the physician to see with the functioning of the different organs and tissues more clearly.. This contrast can be administered in different ways, depending on the area to be studied:

• Oral routeIn case the area to be observed is the upper digestive system (esophagus, stomach).
• Intravenous lineWhen the examination is performed to evaluate the blood vessels or internal organs.
• Through a catheterFor bladder or bowel studies.

2. Capture and acquisition of images in real time

Once the contrast has been administered (if necessary), the technician or physician will begin capturing the medical images in real time. Throughout the procedure, it is important that the individual remains as still as possible.. Movement can distort the images, so the patient's cooperation is essential to obtain accurate results. During this phase, the specialist will be able to evaluate:

• The movement of an organThe diaphragm when breathing or the bladder when emptying.
• The passage of a contrast mediumto identify blockages, leaks or reflux in the digestive or urinary systems.
• The position of medical devicessuch as catheters, pacemakers, screws or prostheses.
• The dynamic function of a jointuseful in traumatology and physiotherapy.

This functional and dynamic approach is what distinguishes fluoroscopy from other imaging techniques, such as radiography or computed tomography (CT).

3. Medical image analysis

Modern fluoroscopy equipment is equipped with advanced technologies that enhance the analysis of medical images:

• Digital image processingDigital systems allow you to adjust different elements of the image, such as brightness, contrast, zoom and orientation.
• Recording and archivingThey offer the possibility to document the procedure or to review key sequences.
• On-screen measurementThe technology can be used to calculate lengths, angles or displacements automatically.
• Image overlay (fluoro overlay)It is very useful in image-guided interventions.

In addition, more and more systems are integrating artificial intelligence functions to assist in the automatic detection of anomalies or to improve visual quality in real time. Among the main advantages of using an AI software is that it increases diagnostic accuracy and facilitates medical decision making.

Duration of a fluoroscopic examination

The duration of the study may vary depending on the type of examination, the area to be explored and the complexity of the procedure. However, in general terms, a fluoroscopy usually lasts between 30 minutes and one hour. Once the examination is completed, the patient can return home and, in most cases, resume normal activities, unless otherwise instructed by the physician.

The fluoroscope: Types and characteristics

The fluoroscope, also referred to as a C-arm, is the medical equipment used in a fluoroscopic examination. However, there are different types of fluoroscopes depending on the type of study to be performed and the space available in the clinic or medical center. We can find two modalities and each one has specific characteristics:

Features	Full-Size C-Bow	Mini C-Bow
Size	Large, robust	Compact, portable
Power	High, for deep structures	Medium/low, for surface structures
Main applications	Orthopedic, vascular, spine, cardiac surgery	Extremity surgery, hand, foot, pediatrics
Mobility	Limited, requires more space	Tall, easy to move and position
Complexity of use	Advanced, requires technical training	Simple, faster operation
Cost	Higher	More economical

Full-Size C-arms

Full-Size C-Arches are designed to cover a wide range of procedures, from the simplest to the most complex.

• Large size: They have a wider field of view and are characterized by a greater ability to adjust to different positions and angles.
• Ample powerX-ray penetration: They provide deeper X-ray penetration, making them ideal for scanning complex structures such as the spine, thorax or pelvis.
• Advanced technologyMany models incorporate advanced technologies, such as 3D reconstruction, surgical navigation and high-resolution image processing.
• Medical applications: This type of arc is common in trauma, neurosurgery, vascular surgery and cardiac surgery operating rooms, where maximum precision and constant visual control are required throughout the procedure.

Mini bows

Mini C-arms are intended for more localized and less invasive procedures.

• Compact size: Their small size is ideal for small operating rooms, outpatient clinics or specialized practices, as they are much easier to transport and handle.
• Procedures of superficial areas of the bodyThese machines are optimized to work on more superficial areas of the body, such as hands, wrists, feet and ankles.
• Sharpness and lower powerAlthough their power is lower compared to full-size models, they offer clear and detailed images of the extremities. Therefore, it is recommended for minor surgeries or low complexity orthopedic interventions.
• Fast and easy operationFluoroscopes of this type are simpler to operate, as they have shorter start-up and positioning times. This improves efficiency in work environments where there is a high flow of patients.
• Medical applicationsMini C-arms are especially useful in extremity surgery, outpatient trauma, hand and foot surgery, minor image-guided procedures and pediatric interventions.

What is fluoroscopy used for? Main medical applications

Fluoroscopy is used in many types of diagnostic imaging procedures. Among its main medical applications, we can highlight:

Examination of the digestive system

One of the most common applications of fluoroscopy is the study of the digestive system. By means of this procedure, the physician can observe how food or liquid moves through the digestive tract in real time. In this type of diagnostics, a contrast medium (such as barium) to be able to analyze more clearly the functioning of the esophagus, stomach or intestines.

Main applications

• Gastroesophageal reflux
• Hiatal hernias
• Ulcers or stenosis
• Swallowing disorders (dysphagia)

Cardiovascular system studies

In cardiology and interventional radiologyfluoroscopy is a key fundamental technique for visualizing blood flow through the heart and blood vessels. In these studies, fluoroscopy is used to act with greater precision during delicate interventions, reducing risks and complications. In addition, fluoroscopy is used to iodinated contrast agents that are injected intravenously to generate medical images of different tissues with greater clarity and sharpness.

Main applications

• Cardiac catheterization: Allows to see coronary arteries and detect obstructions.
• Angiography: Visualizes blood vessels in different parts of the body.
• Placement of stents or pacemakers: Fluoroscopy is used to guide the physician during these procedures.

Support in orthopedic surgeries and traumatology.

During bone or joint surgeryfluoroscopy helps surgeons to checking the position of pins, screws, prostheses or bone fragments. This allows interventions to be more precise and safe, reducing postoperative complications.

Main applications

• Spine surgeries
• Repair of complex fractures
• Image-guided joint infiltrations
• Arthrography (joint examination with contrast)

Minimally invasive procedures

Fluoroscopy is essential for performing image-guided procedures in which needles, catheters or probes are inserted into the body without the need for open surgery. By providing a real-time display, it allows to accurately access the area of interestThis reduces risks and improves the efficiency of the procedure.

Main applications

• Directed biopsies
• Abscess drainage
• Placement of central catheters
• Pain treatments (nerve blocks)

Use in pediatrics

Fluoroscopy, when performed in children, is used with reduced doses and special protocols to ensure its safety. Therefore, in the field of pediatrics, it is of great use for observe developing bodily functions.

Main applications

• Swallowing or reflux problems in infants
• Urinary tract malformations
• Evaluation of intestinal transit
• Follow-up of pediatric orthopedic surgeries

Functional evaluation of organs

In addition to detecting structures, fluoroscopy allows for the following see and analyze how certain organs function. In these cases, not only to detect abnormalities, but also to study how the body works in action.

Main applications

• To analyze how the bladder contracts during urination (cystography).
• Examine how the diaphragm moves when breathing.
• Perform an evaluation of gastric emptying.

The fluoroscopy procedure is a safe, non-invasive and highly effective technique for observing the body in motion. By combining X-rays and contrast media, medical professionals can obtain clear and accurate images that facilitate diagnosis and clinical decision making.

If you are looking for a fluoroscope for your clinic or hospital and you need more information, we help you to choose the medical equipment according to your needs. Contact us and we will answer all your questions.

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